Aftermath and Effects of the Hundred Years War

Outcome and Effects of the Hundred Years War The Hundred Years War Between England and France went on for in excess of a hundred years (1337â€1453) of now and again conflictâ before England seemed to have been vanquished. Any contention enduring this long would cause changes, and the fallout of the wars influenced the two countries. The Uncertain End While we presently perceive that a particular period of Anglo-French clash finished in 1453, there was no harmony settlement in the Hundred Years War, and the French stayed arranged for the English to return for quite a while. As far as it matters for them, the English crown didn’t surrender its case on the French seat. Britains proceeded with intrusions werent so much an exertion at recuperating their lost region, but since Henry VI had gone distraught, and contending respectable groups couldnt concur on past and future approach. This contributed incredibly to England’s own battle for power, known as the ​Wars of the Roses between the places of Lancaster and York for control of Henry VI during his psychological maladjustment. The contention was incompletely faced by conflict solidified veterans of the Hundred Years War. The Wars of the Roses tore at the elites of Britainâ and executed numerous others too. A watershed had been reached, in any case, and the French south was presently for all time out of English hands. Calais stayed under English control until 1558, and the case on the French seat was just dropped in 1801.​ Impacts on England and France France had been seriously harmed during the battling. This was halfway brought about by authentic armed forces leading bleeding strikes intended to sabotage the resistance ruler by executing regular people, consuming structures, and harvests and taking whatever wealth they could discover. It was additionally oftentimes brought about by ‘routiers,’ scoundrels much of the time officers - serving no master and simply looting to endure and get more extravagant. Territories got exhausted, populaces fled or were slaughtered, the economy was harmed and upset, and ever more prominent consumption was sucked into the military, raising duties. History specialist Guy Blois called the impacts of the 1430s and 1440s a ‘Hiroshima in Normandy. Obviously, a few people profited by the additional military consumption. Then again, while charge in pre-war France had been intermittent, in the post-war time it was customary and set up. This expansion of government had the option to finance a standing armed force which was worked around the new innovation of black powder expanding both illustrious force and income, and the size of the military they could field. France had started the excursion to an absolutist government which would characterizeâ later hundreds of years. Likewise, the harmed economy before long started to recuperate. Britain, interestingly, had started the war with more composed duty structures than France, and a lot more noteworthy responsibility to a parliament, yet regal incomes fell extraordinarily over the war, including the generous misfortunes caused by losing well off French locales, for example, Normandy and Aquitaine. For some time, be that as it may, some Englishmen got rich from the loot taken from France, building houses and chapels back in England. The Sense of Identity Maybe the most enduring effect of the war, particularly in England, was the rise of an a lot more noteworthy feeling of enthusiasm and national personality. This was to a limited extent because of exposure spread to accumulate charges for the battling, and halfway because of ages of individuals, both English and French, knowing no circumstance other than war in France. The French crown profited by triumphing, over England, yet over other nonconformist French aristocrats, restricting France closer as a solitary body.

Should Abortion Be Made Legal Essay Example

Should Abortion Be Made Legal Essay The discussion about whether or not fetus removal ought to be a lawful choice keeps on isolating Americans long after the US Supreme Court’s 7-2 choice on Roe v. Swim proclaimed the strategy a principal right† on Jan. 22, 1973. Defenders, recognizing themselves as master decision, fight that premature birth is a correct that ought not be restricted by administrative or strict power, and which exceeds any privilege guaranteed for an undeveloped organism or fetus.They contend that pregnant ladies will fall back on dangerous illicit premature births if there is no lawful choice. Rivals, recognizing themselves as star life, declare that personhood starts at origination, and in this way fetus removal is the shameless murdering of an honest individual. They state fetus removal perpetrates enduring on the unborn youngster, and that it is unjustifiable to permit premature birth when couples who can't naturally imagine are holding back to receive etuses are unequipped for feeling torment when a premature birth is performed by Stuart W.G. Derbyshire, PhD, Senior Lecturer at the University of Birmingham (England). Not just has the natural advancement not yet happened to help torment understanding, yet the earth after birth, so important to the improvement of torment understanding, is likewise yet to happen. etuses are unequipped for feeling torment when a premature birth is performed by Stuart W. G. Derbyshire, PhD, Senior Lecturer at the University of Birmingham (England). Not just has the organic improvement not yet happened to help torment understanding, yet nature after birth, so important to the advancement of agony experience, is likewise yet to happen. etuses are unequipped for feeling torment when a fetus removal is performed by Stuart W. G. Derbyshire, PhD, Senior Lecturer at the University of Birmingham (England). Not just has the natural advancement not yet happened to help torment understanding, yet the earth after birth, so important to the impro vement of agony experience, is additionally yet to happen.

Summer Rewind

Summer Rewind Friends, can you believe its already the end of summer? It flew by so fast. The semester did not allow for any settling in; I have been up and running since Day 1. Regardless, although I really miss summer, I am pretty happy with the start of the new semester (Keep an eye out for a future blog titled New Year, New Me). Do yall remember the blog I wrote last spring about how you can spend your summer? There are a million different things you can do with your summer, and I am very happy to say that I was able to knock off lots of things on that list. This blog is going to be about what I did this summer. Although not all of it was spectacular, I can definitely say this summer was not short on adventures. Europe Summer started off the best way possibleâ€"a trip to Europe with 4 of my best friends. We had planned to go on a friends trip during spring break, but because of research travel, I was not able to make it. The trip was suspended until after finals and honestly, I think that was the best decision we made. We flew out the day after finals. Our first stop was London! This was my first time in Europe, so your girl was hyped! We hit all the main attractions: Big Ben, the London Eye, and Buckingham Palace. Our time in London was limited to 7 hours before we had to catch a train to Paris, stop #2. MY BEAUTIFUL BEST FRIENDS AND I IN LONDON 3 Have any of you traveled on the high speed trains around Europe? They are so cool! We took the EuroStar from London to Paris. The EuroStar is super cool because the train travels underground through the English Channel. In reality, it was pitch black when we were in them, but it was still cool knowing we were under water. Once in Paris, we all fell asleep. It had been a day since we had all slept back in America, it was time for lights out. The next day, we walked over 10 miles! Sadly, a week before our trip, Notre Dame had its huge fire, so the closest we were able to get was a park across the street. Regardless, Paris was still very beautiful. We were able to hit all the spots we wanted: The Louvre, Eiffel Tower, Catacombs, and Versai. Our last stop was Amsterdam! True love in the most romantic city in the world Amsterdam was by far my favorite. The people were super friendly, the fries rocked, but most importantly, the city was a dream. I could 100% live there. Everyone bikes everywhere, there are waffle stands all over the place, its super vegan-friendly (yes, Im veganâ€"Go Plants!), and theyre known for their tulip gardens. We walked an average of 10 miles each day, and though it was super tiring, it was so worth it. Feelin dutch! Calculus Tears Europe was a dream with my best friends, but it wasnt long before the reality of summer hit. Once I got back to Chicago, I needed to find a job ASAP. Luckily, I was hired as a barista and learned some really cool things about the coffee craft. Since math is not my best subject, I wanted to take the class over the summer at a community college so that I could devote all of my time to it. Needless to say, calculus is super hard! I got through the class and learned some stuff about derivatives, but I am really happy biology only requires you to take Calculus 1. The classes lasted 8 weeks, and to celebrate the end, I took another trip Happy Times in Canada Alright, if it is not apparent, I love traveling! Anytime I get the opportunity to go away, I always take it. Look out for a blog on how you can travel as a student with a tight budget. Anyways, Canada is awesome! My best friend and I road-tripped to the Quebec region and stopped in Ottawa, Quebec City, and Parc National de la Jacques-Cartier. I had never been that far east in Canada. The cities were amazing, but the national park was by far my favorite part. Scroll down for some pictures I took along the trip! Ottawa Parliment Parc National de la Jacques-Cartier Back to School I got back to campus a week before classes started to get settled into my new house and prepare for the semester ahead. I like being back. Although I do miss traveling and stress-free summer adventures, I am super excited to finish up my senior year. Its kind of scary, to be honest. It feels like I just moved into Weston Hall, but in reality, that was 3 years ago. Time flies, friends, and it really hits you in the face once youre a senior. This year, I want to really focus on making my posts as helpful as I can for you all. I am going to talk a bit about my research, new goals, grad school, work, etc. I hope you all enjoyed reading my blogs last semester. Good luck with college apps, future Illini! I know the stress, but in the end, I promise everything will be okay. Until next time, JN Julissa Class of 2020 I am majoring in Integrative Biology within the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I am from Lemont, a small southwest suburb of Chicago. If you want to read about the daily life of a student on campus and get some tips and tricks in the trade, my post are for you!

Summer Rewind

Summer Rewind Friends, can you believe its already the end of summer? It flew by so fast. The semester did not allow for any settling in; I have been up and running since Day 1. Regardless, although I really miss summer, I am pretty happy with the start of the new semester (Keep an eye out for a future blog titled New Year, New Me). Do yall remember the blog I wrote last spring about how you can spend your summer? There are a million different things you can do with your summer, and I am very happy to say that I was able to knock off lots of things on that list. This blog is going to be about what I did this summer. Although not all of it was spectacular, I can definitely say this summer was not short on adventures. Europe Summer started off the best way possibleâ€"a trip to Europe with 4 of my best friends. We had planned to go on a friends trip during spring break, but because of research travel, I was not able to make it. The trip was suspended until after finals and honestly, I think that was the best decision we made. We flew out the day after finals. Our first stop was London! This was my first time in Europe, so your girl was hyped! We hit all the main attractions: Big Ben, the London Eye, and Buckingham Palace. Our time in London was limited to 7 hours before we had to catch a train to Paris, stop #2. MY BEAUTIFUL BEST FRIENDS AND I IN LONDON 3 Have any of you traveled on the high speed trains around Europe? They are so cool! We took the EuroStar from London to Paris. The EuroStar is super cool because the train travels underground through the English Channel. In reality, it was pitch black when we were in them, but it was still cool knowing we were under water. Once in Paris, we all fell asleep. It had been a day since we had all slept back in America, it was time for lights out. The next day, we walked over 10 miles! Sadly, a week before our trip, Notre Dame had its huge fire, so the closest we were able to get was a park across the street. Regardless, Paris was still very beautiful. We were able to hit all the spots we wanted: The Louvre, Eiffel Tower, Catacombs, and Versai. Our last stop was Amsterdam! True love in the most romantic city in the world Amsterdam was by far my favorite. The people were super friendly, the fries rocked, but most importantly, the city was a dream. I could 100% live there. Everyone bikes everywhere, there are waffle stands all over the place, its super vegan-friendly (yes, Im veganâ€"Go Plants!), and theyre known for their tulip gardens. We walked an average of 10 miles each day, and though it was super tiring, it was so worth it. Feelin dutch! Calculus Tears Europe was a dream with my best friends, but it wasnt long before the reality of summer hit. Once I got back to Chicago, I needed to find a job ASAP. Luckily, I was hired as a barista and learned some really cool things about the coffee craft. Since math is not my best subject, I wanted to take the class over the summer at a community college so that I could devote all of my time to it. Needless to say, calculus is super hard! I got through the class and learned some stuff about derivatives, but I am really happy biology only requires you to take Calculus 1. The classes lasted 8 weeks, and to celebrate the end, I took another trip Happy Times in Canada Alright, if it is not apparent, I love traveling! Anytime I get the opportunity to go away, I always take it. Look out for a blog on how you can travel as a student with a tight budget. Anyways, Canada is awesome! My best friend and I road-tripped to the Quebec region and stopped in Ottawa, Quebec City, and Parc National de la Jacques-Cartier. I had never been that far east in Canada. The cities were amazing, but the national park was by far my favorite part. Scroll down for some pictures I took along the trip! Ottawa Parliment Parc National de la Jacques-Cartier Back to School I got back to campus a week before classes started to get settled into my new house and prepare for the semester ahead. I like being back. Although I do miss traveling and stress-free summer adventures, I am super excited to finish up my senior year. Its kind of scary, to be honest. It feels like I just moved into Weston Hall, but in reality, that was 3 years ago. Time flies, friends, and it really hits you in the face once youre a senior. This year, I want to really focus on making my posts as helpful as I can for you all. I am going to talk a bit about my research, new goals, grad school, work, etc. I hope you all enjoyed reading my blogs last semester. Good luck with college apps, future Illini! I know the stress, but in the end, I promise everything will be okay. Until next time, JN Julissa Class of 2020 I am majoring in Integrative Biology within the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I am from Lemont, a small southwest suburb of Chicago. If you want to read about the daily life of a student on campus and get some tips and tricks in the trade, my post are for you!

Healthy Food Vs. Junk Food Prices - 1164 Words

Healthy food prices vs. Junk food prices. When the average person is in need of food, they’re usually dealing with the conflicting feelings of whether or not they want to eat healthy, or just spoil themselves with junk foods. Dealing with those feelings, one thing decides for that person; the price. Granted that sometimes there might be good deals for the healthier section, it’s the unhealthy section that is normally cheaper. Even though burgers and fries are much more preferred than a salad. By decreasing the prices of healthy foods, you not only are being considerate to the ones on special diets, but also you’re giving people a better opportunity to have a healthier, more positive life. As times change, our society seems to have more and more difficulties of choosing the healthy side. For example: choosing between a black bean burger and a pizza. But the factor of price still remains. Yet there are many reasons as to why eating healthy is best for the body, and some specific conditions of which a healthy diet can prevent and control are: Heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancer. According to pharmaceutical/biotech, Alissa Fleck. â€Å"From eating heathier, many would begin to stay healthy†. Decreasing the amount of people having to go to the doctors for issues that could have been solved by a balanced diet. By following a healthy food plan, it will contribute positively to one’s weight throughout their whole life. Adding to that, aShow MoreRelatedCauses Of Junk Food Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesENG3U-03 12 July 2017 The Quick Solution: Junk Food Studies show that a minimum of 1 in 4 people eat junk food every single day (â€Å"11 Facts About American Eating Habits†). It may appear as a small portion, but in reality that is almost one billion, seven hundred fifty million individuals who are consuming processed, fried,and baked foods daily. Even though these foods have no nutritional value and can lead to different health problems, people would rather eat junk food because of its conveniency and itsRead MoreObesity : Reducing The Obesity1237 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are the leading causes of Obesity in Canada and how can we decrease these issues resulting in obesity? (Political Perspective) In what ways as a society can we prevent/reduce the high rates of obesity, considering the high demand for junk food/processed foods. Which efforts will be effective for us Canadians? (Objective and Results) Research Notes URL Although genetics play a major role, Obesity stems from social and physical environments Many factors contribute to an unhealthy lifestyle suchRead MoreWhy Does America Have An Obesity Problem?1600 Words   |  7 Pagesresponsibility to keep one’s self healthy, but are there ways the government can strive for an overall healthier diet for Americans? Can we change the manipulative ways of Super Markets and persuade them to look past profit? The American government should put in effort to provide a better dietary path for American citizens by working on motivating individuals to make better choices in their diet, pushing Super markets and industries to work together to lower prices of healthier foods, and placing policies andRead MoreThe Epidemic of Obesity Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pagesenough to cause obesity in Louisiana or even the nation. Well my professor went on to state that America’s food source is in the best shape of the whole world and the best in the history of the world, meaning that America’s ability to distribute clean and reliable f ood to its citizens is second to none. Then it hit me, â€Å"Maybe the reason America is obese is because we are able to access food more easily than anyone else, so we must eat more.† So I started researching on America’s daily calorie intakeRead MoreHealthy Foods Vs. Unhealthy Foods1939 Words   |  8 Pagesshop for healthy foods? Studies prove that the expense of vegetables, fruits and organic products, have caused the obesity levels in the U.S. to increase dramatically. Healthy foods should be cheaper than junk foods because we shouldn t be paying more to live a healthier lifestyle. In our society, healthy choices are sometimes a lot harder to make than unhealthy ones; going to the gym vs. staying home, ordering a salad vs. French fries or buying healthy groceries vs. unhealthy ones. Healthy foodsRead MoreEssay On Fighting Obesity Through Taxation1408 Words   |  6 Pagesfactors linked to obesity (such as genetic, socio economic factors and behavioural factors ), the literature has shown that excessive consumption of sugary drinks and junk food as major risk factors to high prevalence of obesity and health related outcomes (Cornelsen, L., Carreido, A., 2015) High consumption of sugary drinks and junk foods has caused a vast number of health issues including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. To response to the current obesity crisis and the burdenRead MoreThe Real Truth : Expensive Health Food Vs. Cheap Junk Food1767 Words   |  8 PagesThe Real Truth: Expensive health food vs. Cheap junk food Over one-third or 78.6 million of U.S. adults are obese. Obesity and childhood obesity, in particular, are the focus of many public health efforts in the United States. New regulations have been implemented by the US Department of Agriculture for food packages in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has funded state- and community-level interventionsRead MoreHealthy Food Vs Unhealthy Food1043 Words   |  5 PagesHealthy food vs unhealthy food, knowing the difference and what it does to our body and why some of the food we eat causes obesity. They both have a similarity, but there is a huge difference in healthy and unhealthy food. The main difference are taste, cost, and health. You will see a difference in the costs, but not a huge difference, but we are still saving money from not eating healthy food. Buying cheaper food and healthy food you will see the quality and quantity. Especially, h ow it looks,Read MoreOrganic vs. Conventional Food1235 Words   |  5 PagesOrganic vs. Conventional Food In the United States consumers are inundated with every option imaginable for food. Among those options is the choice of organic or conventional food. Health experts will tout the virtues of organic food as being better for the consumer and preventing many diseases, however, there seems to be more to it than that. When speaking with friends, especially those living on a budget, the philosophy leans more towards the difference between fresh and processed food, and organicRead MoreAmerica s Present Economic State, Citizens Are Looking For One Thing1778 Words   |  8 Pagesmeans. There has been an increased approval in fast food and convenience store establishments that provide swift and stimulating products. It is the inexpensive and easy way to purchase these â€Å"goods† that is slowly deterring the well-being of our country. The reason behind the low prices of such unhealthy choices provided by fast food restaurants and convenience stores is attributed to the subsidizing o f producers of companies making the junk food. These companies such as McDonald’s, Coke, Pepsi, and

Secure Loans And Repay Capital Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2103 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The concept of securitisation has developed over recent years predominantly as a means of removing assets from the balance sheet, creating liquidity and aiding the process of risk management. Securitisation as defined by David T Llewellyn is a technique that transforms or repackages a pool of assets on the balance sheet of a bank into securities that can be resold to investors in the capital market. The trend therefore to securitisation has been a product of both changes in the market and economic environment, and shifts in the relative efficiency of bank and capital markets. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Secure Loans And Repay Capital Example For Free" essay for you Create order The growth of securitisation implies a potential decline in the demand for services traditionally provided by banks, especially for the corporate sector. Mechanics of securitisation The basic structure and workings of securitisation are displayed in the diagram below taken from D T Llewellyns lecture notes. Simple securitisation structure Borrowers Receive loan Pay back interest and principle Asset seller/originator Pools the assets and sells them to the SPV Collects payments made by borrowers to pass them to SPV SPV To pay for the assets issues securities backed by the cash flow from the assets Rating agency Credit Enhancer Analyses the credit quality of Enhances the credit the securities quality of the securities Servicer Only if the seller does not retain the servicing function Investors in asset backed securities Stage 1 The first stage of securitisation for a bank is the decision to remove selected loans from its balance sheet. Once it has decided which loans it wishes to remove it collectively repackages the loans that are of a common nature, and forms a security. Stage 2 The bank then establishes a bankruptcy-remote SPV (Special Purpose vehicle). This is usually a company set up especially to fund the purchase of these assets. It is important that the SPV is independent from the originator (bank) otherwise selling to the SPV would not remove the assets from the originators balance sheet. If the bank was to become bankrupt, as the name suggests, the SPV is unaffected. Stage 3 Before the securities are sold by the SPV to investors, a number of procedures are carried out: A credit enhancement may also be added to the security. This involves an independent organisation endorsing the security, and in the event that the borrowers default and the bank cannot pay the repayments of the security, then the endorser assumes responsibility for repayment. As the endorser provides increased liquidity and credit quality, they charge a fee for the service. A rating agency assesses the quality of the securities and provides a grade. Aspects such as the value of the collateral are investigated, as well as the structure of the cash flows from the securitised assets. An assessment of the quality of the endorser is also provided and the SPV is checked to see if they are adequately bankruptcy-remote from the selling bank. The rating is used to act as an incentive for the bank to behave well. Stage 4 The asset security is then sold by the SPV into the capital market to an investor. Once the security is sold, the bank continues to retain responsibility for repayments from the original borrowers. Interest earned is then passed onto the SPV. These payments are used to service the securities the SPV bought from the bank. During the securities maturity period, the original loans are still administered by the bank and a bank-customer relationship is maintained. Types of securities that may be issued There are different types of securities which are issued by the SPV: A floating rate note is a type of security that is characterised by a variable rate of interest. Asset backed commercial paper is often used to attract short term funding, which in terms of securitisation would be to cover the receivables on the balance sheet. Asset backed interest bonds are issued with a fixed rate of interest. The rate may be changed at certain times between issue and maturity if specified on the original contract. A change every six months is common. The choice of security issued depends largely on the composition of the loans in the portfolio. The aim of the SPV is to limit risk, so it will normally try to match the type of assets in the portfolio. They will try to create a security with an interest rate similar to those in the portfolio as well as matching the maturity times. D T Llewellyn explains that Whatever instrument is issued, three servicing alternatives are available. The SPV may choose to use a revolving method which uses the flow of income from its assets to buy more assets (loans), which will, extend and continue the duration of income from the securities. A second alternative could be the bullet principal payment method. In this situation, it is agreed that the buyer of the security will only receive payment once the security has fully matured. The final method is known as the Amortisation method. Here the income from the security payments is used to cash in the security. Reasons for Banks securitising loans Asset Motive Firstly, banks will securitse its assets due to the asset transformation motive, which refers to the banks ability to manage the level of risk it is exposed to on the balance sheet. If a bank believes that it holds too many loans in a particular area of its business, then it may choose to create a portfolio of loans and then securitise the portfolio. 147s and sell the assets off relieving some of its exposure on the balance sheet. Securitisation therefore allows banks to use this method as a risk management strategy and the result of securitisation is a shift of risk from the bank to others in the capital market. Again with respect to risk management, a bank may want to diversify its asset portfolio but may be constrained by its capital available for lending. In these circumstances a bank may securitize existing assets in unwanted sectors and use the capital gained from this process to fund investments in assets in different fields. Some existing loans in a ba nks portfolio may also offer small profit margins. The bank may decide to sell off these existing loans in exchange for new more profitable loans again through the process of securitisation. A bank may in more general terms require liquidity to finance other projects or to pay for unforeseen costs. It may be that banks require funds to pay shareholders. Securitisation allows for quick availability to cash that assets in the form of individual loans cannot provide. Investors in asset-backed securities choose a specific risk (e.g. mortgages) rather than share in the overall portfolio risk of the selling bank. This, to them, is the attraction. Funding motive As the banking market becomes more competitive, the rate of return on many banks assets is becoming more tightly squeezed, to such an extent that they even become unprofitable to hold. Securitisation can be a method that can actually bring in new sources of funds without having an effect on that banks capital ratio and balance sheet. A bank selling an asset backed security is a major attraction to investors looking to invest in something with a specific risk. An investor making a deposit in a bank is effectively exposing itself to the complete portfolio of assets the bank holds. For some investors, this may not meet their risk requirements. A security issued by the bank offers a particular type of asset with a specific risk. This product provides increased funds to those who would not normally invest in the bank. As David T Llewellyn highlights there are a number of reasons an investor may choose to invest in a security rather than making a deposit. The investor may be undert aking a hedge transaction. This would not be possible with an exposure to the banks complete portfolio. the investor may already be at its credit limit to banks Some investors prefer the flexibility that comes with a security. They are marketable and therefore liquid unlike a bank deposit. When a bank segments funds into securitised packages it can also lower the marginal cost of attracting new funding. If a bank wishes to attract new deposits it has to pay a higher interest rate to all the existing depositors as well as the new ones. With a security there is a lower marginal loss when issuing new assets. Its can increase funds without having to increase its interest payments on its existing depositors. Again as is pointed out in securitisation as a technique of asset and liability management the fact that the assets have been removed from the balance sheet through securitisation, alleviates the need to hold capital against the assets which the bank once held. This again reduces costs to the bank. Fee income motive Securitisation also provides the opportunity for banks to make a continuous fee income. Because banks benefit from a comparative advantage in originating and providing loans, it is possible for them to create loans with the intention of securitising them for a profitable income stream. It is the integrated service of providing a loan that the bank charges for and makes money from. These charges include general admin costs, monitoring costs and search costs to name a few. It is these aspects of loan creation that the banks carry a comparative advantage so can confidently provide loans at the most competitive rate with the intention of securitising. Balance sheet constraint motive This other motive allows a bank to use securitisation as a means of dealing with an existing interest rate or maturity mis-match. However, for some banks, securitisation is a clear sign that they have some unprofitable assets on their balance sheets. Why repay capital to its shareholders? As mentioned in the banks asset transformation motive, banks will carry out securitisation as a means of removing risk from themselves and passing it on to a SPV. When banks create loans, this creates excess capital- not more which is often a common mistake. So, if banks believe that the rate of return on some assets is set to be too low they have to act. Shareholders may have a clear idea of the rate of return they require on their equity. Very often shareholders require a minimum of price/ equity multiplier which can be seen below: The equation above shows that at a certain level when prices/ assets falls then shareholders will repay some capital to its shareholders. This is necessary because of how competitive the market is; if the shareholders become unhappy then they will sell their shares and the overall value of the bank will fall. As a result of securitising, it means all that is left on the balance sheet are those assets which do generate the high rate of return which i s required. A company called Madura Coats planned capital reduction to repay public shareholders in August 2003. They were a multinational company in India who wanted to go private but were faced with some stubborn shareholders who refused to part with their holdings even after the stock had been delisted. They chose to go for a capital reduction programme that forced the return of capital to the public shareholders who still held on to their shares. Under the provisions of Section 100 of the Companies Act, a company has the right to extinguish any of its shares that is in excess of its wants. This is one extreme case to repay shareholders that a bank may opt for in some circumstances (highly unlikely but still a possibility). Conclusion In conclusion, banks basically securitise to pass on any risk they are associated with and to remove bad assets from the balance sheet. Recently, the guardian newspaper asks whether, banks are doomed as a result of the current financial crisis? With the securitisation of mortgages originally seen as a triumph, because it shifted risk to financial markets, while taking deposits and making and monitoring loans the purview of traditional banks was regarded as narrow and old-fashioned. By contrast, modern banks would seek finance mainly in the interbank market and securitise their loan portfolios. Northern Rock faced problems because it was securitising everything and then was lending money to the SPV it relied on. It is necessary for banks to securitise but caution must be exerted when choosing the SPV and how many assets are been securitised. It is necessary for banks to repay capital to shareholders to show strength and to give encouragement for the future. With the market been so competitive banks must try and keep existing customers and gain more so they do not fall behind.

The Dangers Of Adolescent Depression - 1248 Words

Adolescent depression is considered a mental and emotionally disorder that is on the rise among adolescents. Although this depression is treated the same medically as in adults, symptoms that adolescents suffer from manifest by a variety of different factors. â€Å"Peer pressure, sports, changing hormone levels, developing bodies, awkward tendencies, and a host of other factors can carry many ups and downs for teenagers. However, these ups and downs can be signs of depression.† Unfortunately, it seems that early signs of depression in adolescents may continue to follow an individual into adulthood. According to the article â€Å"Low and Decreasing Self-Esteem during Adolescence Predict Adult Depression Two Decades Later† authors Steiger, Andrea E., Allemand, Mathias, Robins, Richard W., Fend, Helmut A argued that self-esteem is defined as an individual’s overall interpretation of their worth. The article references a study done on global self-esteem in adolescent’s interpretation in terms of physical appearance and academic intelligence. These two factors lie highly important for developing adolescents as they begin to establish relationships and inquire about academic goals and skills. It can be predicted that the higher level of self-esteem one has, more full filling personal and social life outcomes occur. For example, high self-esteem predicts â€Å"closeness in romantic relationships, better job performance, and academic achievement. . In comparison, low self-esteem can lead toShow MoreRelatedNew York : Meredith Books1185 Words   |  5 Pagesscho ol counsellors about this new technological danger, describing the warning signs to help recognize both victims and perpetrators, and detail school-and home –based strategies for preventing cyberbullying and healing those affected by the phenomenon. 3. Subrahmanyam, Kaveri, and Patricia Greenfield. â€Å"Online Communication and Adolescent Relationships†.The Future of Children 18.1 (2008): 119–146. The purpose of this article is to examine adolescents’ relationship with friend, romance partners, strangersRead MoreProzac - the Wonder Drug1285 Words   |  6 Pagespersons needs treatment for depression during his or her lifetime† (Prozac.com). Prozac is claimed as the wonder drug cure for obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, bulimia, and panic disorder by fixing the imbalance of chemicals in the brain. Many documented cases have been made about side effects of Prozac and how it has negatively affected many of its users. Doctors need to have more responsibility and stricter guidelines for diagnosis of adolescent depression and should consider medicationRead MoreLink Between Social Networking Sites And Depression Among Older Adolescents1699 Words   |  7 Pagesthis research proposal, I would study the link between social networking site Facebook and depression among older adolescents around the age of 18 and 20. For this proposal, I will look at four schola rly articles, proposal three research questions and have three hypotheses for my research questions based on how social networking sites like Facebook use correlates with a decrease in mood and increase in depression. Literature Review The first article is an article by Lauren A. Jelenchick, Jens C. EickhoffRead MoreLink Between Social Networking Sites And Depression Among Older Adolescents1696 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch proposal, I would to study the link between social networking site Facebook and depression among older adolescents around the age of 18 and 20. For this proposal, I will look at four scholarly articles, proposal three research questions and have three hypothesis for my research questions based on how social networking sites like Facebook use correlates with a decrease in mood and increase in depression. Literature Review The first article is an article by Lauren A. Jelenchick, Jens C. EickhoffRead MoreEssay on Teen Depression1653 Words   |  7 PagesClinical depression is capable of ruining the future. In a few years, teenagers will be moving up in the world and beginning their lives as contributing members of society. Each one of them will have a job, and will encounter countless other individuals. The dilemma that the world faces is about 17% of teenagers will suffer from depression before they become adults (Canada). This impacts connections not only in the political/business world, but their personal lives and growth as well. TeenageRead MoreAntidepressants for Teens: To Be or Not To Be? Essay1546 Words   |  7 Pagesrelief for teens with depression, they should not be considered an effective treatment to cure depression due to the side effects, risk of addiction, and increase thoughts of suicide. â€Å"Teen depression is a serious condition that affects emotions, thoughts and behaviors. Issues such as peer pressure, academic expectations, and changing bodies can bring a lot of ups and downs for teens† (Mayo Clinic). Depression does not discriminate; no matter what race, gender, or religion, depression can turn a person’sRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Society1463 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent Depression Depression is a common mental illness that can affect anyone at any age and causes issues for their daily lives and and has a significant impact on adolescents. Adolescents are prime targets for depression because they are still maturing making the causes of depression, such as a traumatic event or simply bullying, have a larger impact on their mental health. Depression is an illness that not only affects those who have it but the people around them due to the need of supportRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Mental Health And Overall Quality Of Life1707 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media usage by adolescents must be limited in order to improve mental health and overall quality of life. Adolescent social media activity continues to grow, creating technology dependence in younger generations. Technology remains in its prime throughout the twenty first century with advancements in internet and smartphone capabilities. As technology becomes more accessible to younger generations, minors continue to spend more of their day trapped in a cyber universe and disconnected fromRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Society1462 Words   |  6 Pagescase, the effect of these drugs on teenagers is very powerful. These club drugs have an impact on the behaviour aspects of adolescents including increased hallucinations, risky sexual behaviour, and violent actions (MDMA, 2014). Aside from its physical impacts, the use of club drugs can affect the adolescent psychologically, leading them to have symptoms of anxiety, depression or other mental disorders later on their lives. The factors that lead to these misjudged side-effects are their lack of educationRead MoreEssay about Disadvantage s of Adolescent Communication on Facebook894 Words   |  4 Pagesis to educate parents on the dangers it can bring to adolescents. The primary audience will be parents of adolescent children. This research will explore the disadvantages of adolescent communication on Facebook media. Focusing on Cyberbullying, Sexting, and Facebook Depression, looking at how this behavior can have a negative impact on them. Cyberbullying Traditional adolescent bullying in the 70’s and 80’s of threats to do bodily harm to another adolescent either before school, after